Today, groups claiming to be ‘indigenous’ in Africa are mostly those
who have been living by hunting and gathering; by transhumant (migratory
nomadic) pastoralism and those practicing traditional drylands
horticulture including oasis cultures. These different peoples represent
the backbone of Africa's traditional knowledge of nature and
sustainable development in remote rural areas.
Graffiti Removal by Banksy source: Bradshaw Foundation
INDIGENOUS OR NOT?
Some Africans may be offended by the idea that one ethnic group
should be called ‘indigenous’ and others not. IPACC recognises that all
Africans should enjoy equal rights and respect. All of Africa’s
diversity is to be valued. Particular communities, due to historical and
environmental circumstances, have found themselves outside the
state-system and underrepresented in governance.
These ‘first-peoples’
or ‘autochthonous peoples’ have associated themselves with the United
Nations’ standards on the rights of indigenous peoples. This is not to
deny other Africans their status; it is to emphasise that affirmative
recognition is necessary for hunter-gatherers and herding peoples to
ensure their survival. Genetics is not the basis of human rights, but it
does reflect that the distribution of power between different peoples
in Africa is born of a long history and cannot be dismissed.
The claims to being indigenous in Africa are related to a cluster of characteristics:
- political and economic marginalisation rooted in colonialism;
- de facto discrimination based often on the dominance of agricultural
peoples in the State system (e.g. lack of access to education and
health care by hunters and herders);
- the particularities of culture, identity, economy and territoriality
that link hunting and herding peoples to their home environments in
deserts and forests (e.g. nomadism, diet, knowledge systems);
- some indigenous peoples, such as the San and Pygmy peoples are
physically distinct, which makes them subject to specific forms of
discrimination.
Recent efforts to map Africa’s genetic prehistory are drawing
attention to the fact that ‘first peoples’ have a great antiquity on the
continent. Africa is recognised by geneticists and archaeologists as
the cradle of humankind. Africa has the greatest genetic and linguistic
diversity of any continent. There have been major technical advances
over the last decade in reading genetic signatures and unravelling
prehistory of Africa. Peoples such as the San and Khoe, the Hadzabe, and
the various ‘Pygmy’ forest peoples represent some of the oldest gene
types on the planet.
Indigeneity is associated
with both the negative experience of discrimination and marginalisation
from governance, as well as the positive aspects of being holders of
unique knowledge which has emerged through the long-term management of
arid area and tropical forest ecosystems.
For more information on IPACC click HERE
Sustainability Hero of the Week:
On the iStart2 Radio Show this week we chat to Dr Nigel Crawhall, the Director of Secretariat, Indigenous Peoples of Africa Coordinating Committee (IPACC). He joins us to look at the impact of climate change on South Africa, he gives feedback on his participation at COP22 in Marrakech and elaborates on his work with the Interfaith movement and IUCN in creating a more sustainable world.
Most of his work has been with the indigenous peoples in Africa over the last 20 years. Nigel's aim is to help people strengthen inclusive and democratic governance and improve our cultural, psychological and spiritual well-being in harmony with the natural environment.
Keitu
Gwangwa & Pierre du Toit host the iStart2 Show on Thursdays at
17h30. Radio Today broadcasts on 1485 MW (AM) in greater Johannesburg
and countrywide on #DStv audio channel 869.
Radio Today also streams globally on www.1485.org.za.
